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By virtue of their large size, timber rattlers are the most dangerous snakes in northeastern America. Fortunately, when encountered most timber rattlers are mild in disposition unless aroused, and make little attempt to rattle or strike. It is believed to have occured in at least 25 counties prior to 1800. Today, the timber rattlesnake is listed as an endangered species by the Ohio Division of Wildlife and is known from only seven Ohio counties. |
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Timber Rattlesnake
Crotalus horridus
At-a-Glance
• Length: 36-54 inches
• Typical Foods: mice, rats, chipmunks, and squirrels
• Ohio Status: Endangered
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Description
Timber rattlesnakes may attain a length in excess of six feet, but average three to four feet long. These rattlers have two basic color phases. The yellow phase has a series of dark brown or black chevron-shaped crossbands on a ground color of brownish yellow. The black phase has the crossbands on a ground color of blackish brown.
Habitat and Habits
These snakes are a woodland species. In addition to using wooded areas, timbers also utilize sunlit gaps in the canopy for basking and deep rock crevices for overwintering (den sites). Individuals may make larger movements between various sites in the summer.
Reproduction and Care of the Young
Timber rattlesnakes emerge from their dens in spring and disperse to the surrounding hillsides. Males and non-pregnant females may move more than a mile from the den, while gravid (pregnant) females usually remain much closer. Females mature in their sixth year, giving birth to around 10 offspring every four years. |
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