Slippery Elm is similar in many ways to American Elm, but differs in its branching habit (it branches higher on the trunk, with fewer main branches), the texture of its slightly larger leaves (they are sandpapery on both sides), and the color of its interior heartwood (reddish-brown). While its geographic distribution is almost the same as American Elm (eastern and central United States), Slippery Elm is more commonly found in the slightly drier soils of uplands, although it may be found growing side by side in mesic sites with American Elm. Slippery Elm is also subject to attack by Dutch Elm disease, but not to the extent of American Elm.

Slippery Elm is named after its slick, mucilaginous inner bark, which was chewed by the Native Americans and pioneers to quench thirst when water was not readily available. Also known as Red Elm (in reference to its reddish brown heartwood), this tree may reach 60 feet tall by 50 feet wide, when found in the open. As a member of the Elm Family, it is related to Hackberry, Zelkova, and the many other Elms.

Planting Requirements - Slippery Elm prefers moist, deep, rich soils of variable pH, but is often found in soils that are dry and of average composition. Its winged seeds readily disperse over a wide area in spring, and the root structure of seedlings is initially taprooted, but quickly develops into a fibrous system that transitions to shallow roots with age (as is typical of species that like moist soils). It thrives in and is found in zones 3 to 9.

Potential Problems - Slippery Elm is also subject to the ravages of Dutch elm disease and elm phloem necrosis, like American Elm, but not quite as severely. In addition, the Elms in general are subject to numerous pests and pathogens which adversely impact their foliage, bark, wood, and roots, with the effects ranging from seasonal cosmetic blemishes, to serious threats to tree health.

Like American Elm, the alternate leaves of Slippery Elm have asymmetrical bases, doubly serrated margins, and prominent veins that run straight out to the edge of the leaf.

Slippery Elm has leaves that are usually larger and wider as compared to the more common American Elm. Leaves are broadly elliptical to ovate, and are sandpapery rough on both the upper and lower leaf surfaces (due to heavy pubescence). Fall color is usually green and chartreuse, with occasional golden or yellow leaves interspersed in the canopy.