Hawthorns comprise the single largest group of trees and large shrubs that inhabit the woods and fields of Ohio, based upon the number of native and naturalized species (more than 60), even outnumbering the Oaks (over 20). They are known primarily for their white spring flowers, late summer and autumn fruits (yellow, orange, or red in color), and their twiggy, thorny canopies. Growth is usually slow, and their preference is for sunny sites under a variety of soil conditions, tolerating summer drought very well. In general, they have an upright to rounded growth habit in youth, becoming spreading as they mature.
Hawthorns tend to colonize pastures, where their thorns prevent cattle and other domestic animals from grazing on them while they are young or mature. Heights range from 10 to 25 feet, and widths about 15 to 30 feet. As members of the Rose Family, they are related to the Serviceberries, Chokeberries, Crabapples, Plums, Cherries, Pears, and Roses, as well as many other genera of ornamental and economic importance.
They are lumped together here as a group because of the difficulty in sometimes determining their exact identification due to similar features (especially in winter), and for the tendency of some members to form natural hybrids, thus further blending their already similar traits.
Planting Requirements - Hawthorns are very adaptable to a wide range of growing conditions. Most species perform best in average soils of good drainage with an alkaline or neutral pH, but most adapt to soils of an acidic pH. Throughout Ohio, most Hawthorns are winter hardy to zone 5, if not zone 4.
Potential Problems - Hawthorns have a number of diseases and pests that can damage their foliage, fruits, or bark, but most are not lethal. In urban situations, discretion should be used when transplanting them near pedestrian traffic (for thorn liability to exposed skin, eyes, and feet) and near human activity (near windows or shelters where the smell of their spring flowers can be overwhelming).